关于国际货币制度情景对话

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　关于国际货币制度情景对话一：

son and k continue their discussion of the InterNational Monetary System .

约翰逊小姐和布莱克先生继续讨论国际货币制度。

Black :Is that when the Smithsonian Agreement was signed ?

布莱克：史密森协定就是在那时签订的吧?

Johnson:Yes,in December r that and subsequent agreements ,the fixed rate exchange system has been changed to a floating exchange rate system in which the value of various currencies fluctuate to restore balance-of-payments equilibrium .

约翰逊：对，是在1971年12月签订的。在史密森协定和随后的一些协定的指导下，固定的外汇汇率制度转变为浮动汇变幻无率制度。在这个制度中，以各种货币价值的波动来恢复国际收支差额的平衡。

B:So you mean that foreign exchange rates are new free to change according to the laws of supply and demand?

布莱克：那么，您是说，现在外汇汇率是按照供需规律自由是变化?

J:Not quite ally ,we now have a managed floating exchange rate system,or what many people call a dirty float system .

约翰逊：也不完全是这样。实际上，我们现在建立了一个受管制的浮动汇率制度，即许多人称之为：受限制的浮动外汇制度“。

This means that ,while there is a great degree of flexibility in exchange rates according to balance of payment factors,

就是说，虽然按照国际收支差额的因素，汇率有很大程度的灵活性，

central banks still intervene in the market by buying or selling large amounts of foreign currencies to prevent wide-ranging fluctuations.

但中央银行仍然使用买进或卖出大量外币的办法来防止大幅度的外汇浮动，以此来干预外汇市场。

B:Why do they do this ?Wouldn't a clean float be better?

布莱克：他们为什么要这样做呢? 不受限制的汇率浮动会不会更好些呢?

J:Well,a clean float means that the parity rate of various currencies would go up or go down to restore balance-of -payments equilibrium.

约翰逊：不受限制的汇率浮动意味着各种货币的比价能以涨价或跌价来恢复国际收支差额的平衡。

Therefore ,a country's international trade position could be affected by an appreciation of its currency .

因此，一个国家的外贸地位会因为它的货币的增值而受到影响了。

B:Oh ,I governments must consider their internal fiscal and political requirements ,too.

布莱克：噢，我明白了。因此政府也必须考虑到国内的财政和政治需要。

J:Yes,that's right 's why it takes a great deal of international cooperation to make the present system work .

约翰逊：对，是这样的。这就是为什么需要大量国际间协作才会使得这个现行制度发挥作用。

　　关于国际货币制度情景对话二：

Mary Johnson ,an officer of the First National Bank, is discussing the International Monetary System with one of her businessman clients ,Harold Black.

玛丽·约翰逊，第一国民银行的高级职员，正和她的一位经商的顾客哈罗德·布莱克讨论国际货币制度。

Black:I have been reading a great deal recently about exchange-rate fluctuations ,

布莱克：最近，我读了大量有关外汇汇率浮动、

payment balances ,clean and dirty floats ,and the International Monetary System .

收支平衡、不受限制的和受限制的汇率浮动以及国际货币制度的材料。

While I generally understand the way foreign exchange markets work,I am not sure exactly what the International Monetary System is.

虽然我对于外汇市场的机制有了大概的了解，但是对于什么是国际货币制度这个问题还是不十分清楚。

Johnson:Well,k,the term International Monetary System actually refers to a series of agreements among the major governments and their central banks to bring order and stability to the international exchange markets.

玛 丽：噢，布莱克先生，“国际货币制度”这一术语实际上是指为了维护国际外汇市场的秩序和稳定，一些影响较大的政府和中央银行之间所签定的一系列协定。

The most important ,signed in 1944,is called the Bretton Woods Agreement .

最为重要的一个协定是1944年签定的布雷顿森林的协定，

It established the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

根据该协定而建立了世界银行和国际货币基金组织。

B:Oh ,so you mean these agreements regulate international exchange rates?

布莱克：那么，您是说由这些协定来管理国际汇率吗?

J:They did until until that time international foreign exchange rates were pegged to fixed values for gold and the ar,

玛 丽：直到1971年，这些协定确实起着这样的作用。在当时，国际外汇汇率是以黄金和美元的固定价值来定价的，

which was considered to be the key currency .

黄金和美元被分认为当时的主要通币。

B:What happened in 1971 to change this ?

布莱克：那么，1971年时，什么原因改变了这一点呢?

J:The surplus of dollars abroad from foreign aid,capital exports and chronic balance of payments deficits forced the U.S. to formally suspend gold convertibility .

玛 丽：由于外援而造成的国外的美元过剩，资本的输出和长期的国际收支逆差迫使美国正式中止了黄金的可兑换性，

This brought an end to the old Bretton Woods System.

致使旧的布雷顿森林体系宣告结束。