联合国报告:气候变化影响广泛

Global warming is having an impact on human and natural systems world-wide, scientists warned in a report Monday, calling for swift action to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the planet.

科学家们周一在一份报告里警告说，全球变暖正对人类和全球自然系统产生影响。他们呼吁迅速采取行动，缓解温室气体排放对地球的影响。

The report, released by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, is the second portion of a four-part report, and follows the September release of the first portion, which focused on scientific evidence for global warming.

上述报告由联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change，简称IPCC)发布，是一个由四部分组成的报告的第二部分，其中专注全球变暖科学依据的第一部分已在去年9月发布。

'What happens in terms of impact of climate change in different parts of the world will be determined to a large extent (by how much) we are prepared and able to mitigate the emissions of greenhouse gasses,' IPCC Chairman Rajendra K. Pachauri said.

IPCC主席帕乔里(Rajendra K. Pachauri)说：气候变化对世界各地产生怎样的影响，很大程度上将由我们准备且能够减少多少温室气体排放决定。

The report said that besides an increase in global average temperature, climate change was having a widespread impact on everything from water resources to food production and weather patterns.

报告说，除全球平均气温增加以外，气候变化还对从水资源到食品生产及天气模式等一切事物产生广泛影响。

It said that without action to address the problem, by the year 2100, hundreds of millions of people could be affected by coastal flooding and displaced due to land loss.

报告说，如不对这一问题采取任何行动，到2100年，受海岸洪灾和土地流失影响而背井离乡者可能会达到数亿人。

'Impacts from recent extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and wildfires, show significant vulnerability and exposure of some ecosystems and many human systems to climate variability,' the report warned.

报告警告说，热浪、干旱、洪灾和森林大火等近期极端气候事件的影响显示出，一些生态系统和很多人类系统都非常容易受到气候变异的影响。

The report said climate change may affect the reliability of pipelines and electricity grids, as well as tourism resorts, especially ski and beach resorts.

报告说，气候变化可能影响到管道、电网和旅游度假区的可靠性，特别是滑雪和海边度假地的可靠性。

It also said climate change had the largest impact on people who are socially and economically marginalized.

报告还称，对于在社会上和经济上被边缘化的人来说，气候变化对他们的影响最大。

'Climate change will exacerbate poverty in low and lower-middle income countries, including high mountain states, countries at risk from sea-level rise, and countries with indigenous peoples, and create new poverty pockets in upper-middle to high-income countries in which inequality is increasing,' it said.

报告称，气候变化将加剧中低收入国家的贫困状况，其中包括高山国家、因海平面的上升而面临危险的国家以及拥有原住民的国家，还将在贫富差距日益增大的中高收入国家产生新的贫困人口。

But funding needed to offset the impact of climate change is lacking, the report warned, saying developing countries would need between $70 billion to $100 billion a year to implement needed measures. And efforts to reduce the effects of climate change would only have a marginal effect on reducing poverty unless 'structural inequalities are addressed and needs for equity among poor and non-poor people are met.'

但报告警告说，缺乏抵消气候变化影响所需的资金。报告说，发展中国家每年需要700亿至1,000亿美元实施必要的措施。此外，各种减少气候变化影响的措施对减贫只会产生微乎其微的效果，除非结构性贫富差距得以消除，贫困人口和非贫困人口要求平等的诉求得到满足。

The report was the culmination of efforts by hundreds of scientists, and portrays a sobering picture of what civilization may face in the coming decades, and emphasized that climate change is happening now.

这份报告是数百名科学家汗水的结晶，它描绘出一幅令人深思的图景，显示出未来几十年人类文明可能面临的问题，它还强调气候变化正在发生。

'Present-day choices thus affect the risks of climate change throughout the 21st century,' it said.

报告说，今日的选择因此会影响整个21世纪的气候变化风险。

Economically, the report said a global temperature rise of 2.5 degrees celcius above preindustrial levels could lead to global economic losses between 0.2% and 2.0% of income. By the end of the century, it said climate change could reduce labor productivity by 11%-27% in humid, tropical areas.

报告说，就经济方面而言，如果全球气温较工业时代之前的水平上升2.5摄氏度，则可能使全球经济收入损失0.2%至2.0%。报告说，到本世纪结束，气候变化可能使潮湿、热带地区劳动生产率降低11%-27%。

The IPCC's credibility has come under scrutiny since a 2007 report that contained errors about the pace of the melting of Himalayan glaciers.

2007年，IPCC发布了一份报告，报告中有关喜马拉雅冰川消融的速度有误，此后IPCC的信誉一直受到质疑。