4个基本方法让你的托福阅读提速

托福阅读考试中，许多考生都来不及阅读完整篇文章，就要开始做题了。其实，这也很正常，对于阅读速度不快的考生们来说，他们需要练习一些快速阅读法。由此，小编为考生们整理了一些快速阅读方法，希望能对考生们的阅读有帮助。

4个基本方法 让你的托福阅读提速

方法一：快速泛读(fast extensive reading)

这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章，要求读得快，理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额，定额要结合自己的实际，可多可少，例如每天读20页。

方法二：计时阅读(timed reading)

计时阅读每次进行5～10分钟即可，不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读，精力高度集中，时间一长，容易疲劳，精力分散反而乏味。

方法三：寻读(Scanning)

寻读又称查读，同略读一样，寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。

寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息，如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等，而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。

方法四：略读(skimming)

略读又称跳读(reading and skipping)或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。

略读有下列几个特点：

A.以极快的速度阅读文章，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。

B.可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。

C.理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。

托福阅读背景材料：笑声能开启一段新的关系

A great way to get to know someone better is to say something that makes them laugh.

想要更好地了解别人，一个好办法就是说些能让他们发笑的事。

Sharing a few good giggles and chuckles makes people more willing to tell others something personal about themselves, without even necessarily being aware that they are doing so, suggests new research.

新研究显示，分享一些好笑的事会让人更乐意告诉别人自己的私事，甚至当他们这样做的时候，也根本不会意识到这一点。

Alan Gray of University College London discovered the tidbit in a new study recently published in the journal Human Nature.

英国伦敦大学学院(University College London)的艾伦?格雷(Alan Gray)在研究中发现了这一有趣的现象。最近，他的这项研究成果发表在了《人类天性》(Human Nature)杂志上。

According to Gray, the act of verbally opening up to someone is a crucial building block that helps to form new relationships and intensify social bonds.

格雷认为，用言语向他人敞开心扉的行为是帮助人们建立新关系，增强人与人之间社会联系的重要基本要素。

Such self-disclosure can be of a highly sensitive nature — like sharing one’s religious convictions or personal fears — or a superficial tidbit such as one’s favorite type of food.

自我表露的过程具有高度敏感性——好比分享宗教信仰或者害怕之物——或者只是一个流于表面的趣闻，比如最爱的食物类型。

To investigate the role and influence of laughter in this disclosure process, Gray and his colleagues gathered 112 students from Oxford University in England, into groups of four.

为了调查笑声在自我表露过程中扮演的角色和产生的影响，格雷和他的同事从英国牛津大学(Oxford University)召集了112个学生，并把他们分为四组。

The students did not know one another. The groups watched a 10-minute video together, without chatting to one another.

学生们彼此都不认识。每组会坐在一起看一个10分钟的视频，期间并无交谈。

The videos differed in the amount of laughter they invoked, and the amount of positive feelings or emotions they elicited.

视频的区别在于，引人发笑的频率和传达积极情绪或情感的效力各有不同。

One featured a stand-up comedy routine by Michael McIntyre, another a straightforward golf instruction video, and the third a pleasant nature excerpt from the “Jungles” episode of the BBC’s Planet Earth series.

一个视频是迈克尔?麦金太尔(Michael McIntyre)的单人喜剧秀，一个是简短的高尔夫教学片，第三个是从《BBC行星地球系列》(BBC’s Planet Earth series)“丛林”(Jungles)一集里节选的一个令人愉悦的自然片段。

The levels of laughter and the participants’ emotional state after watching the video was then measured. Each group member also had to write a message to another participant to help them get to know each other better.

在看完视频之后，研?a href="">咳嗽被岵馑悴斡胝叩那樾髯刺托ι燃丁Ｃ扛鲂∽槌稍被剐韪硪幻斡胝咝聪乱惶跸ⅲ员愀玫叵嗷チ私狻?/p>

The participants who had a good laugh together shared significantly more intimate information than the groups who did not watch the comedy routine.

比起那些没有观看喜剧的组别，一起欢笑过的参与者们向彼此分享了更多的亲密信息。

Gray suggests this is not merely because it is a positive experience, but because of the physiology behind a good laugh. It actually triggers the release of the so-called “happy hormone” endorphin.

格雷认为，究其原因，不仅在于欢笑是一种积极的体验，还因为欢笑的背后隐藏着的心理学。实际上，正是这种心理学的作用引发了所谓的“快乐荷尔蒙”——内啡肽(endorphin)的释放。

The findings support the idea that laughter encourages people to make more intimate disclosures to strangers. Furthermore, researchers discovered the sharing of the information occurred so spontaneously, the person who disclosed information was seldom aware that he or she had done so.

这项研究证实，笑声能促使人们对陌生人透露更多隐私。此外，研究人员还发现，信息的分享就这样自然而然地发生了。那些透露信息的人很少会意识到自己正在这么做。

It was only the listener who realized that it had happened.

只有倾听者才会发现这一行为。

Vocabulary

tidbit：趣闻

stand-up comedy：单人脱口秀，单口相声

托福阅读素材：希拉里要成为“普通美国民众的捍卫者”

Hillary Clinton brought years of speculation to an end last night by officially announcing she is running to become the first woman president of the United States.

美国前国务卿希拉里·克林顿(Hillary Clinton)4月12日晚正式宣布参选下届2016年美国总统，为外界持续数年的揣测画上了句号。如果竞选成功，她将成为美国历史上首位女总统。

Her second bid for the White House comes seven years after she was defeated by an upstart Barack Obama and forced to admit she was unable to "crack the highest, hardest glass ceiling" for women in US politics.

这是希拉里第二次参加总统选举。七年前，在2008年美国总统选举中，巴拉克·奥巴马(Barack Obama)异军突起，希拉里被迫承认自己无法在美国政治领域为女性“打破那层最高、最坚固的玻璃天花板”。

Mrs Clinton has been known to the American people for decades as a First Lady who stood by her husband during the Monica Lewinsky scandal, a senator from New York and a globe-trotting US secretary of state.

数十年来，在美国民众的眼中，希拉里一直是站在丈夫身边伴他走过莱温斯基性丑闻的第一夫人，是纽约州联邦参议员，是周游各国的国务卿。

But the 67-year-old, who recently became a grandmother, hopes to re-introduce herself to voters as a gentler and more human candidate who is taking nothing for granted.

然而，现年67岁、刚刚当上外祖母的希拉里，却想向她的选民重新介绍自己——一个更温和、更具人性的总统候选人，对任何事都不掉以轻心。

She launched the campaign with a short online video where she promised to be a "champion for everyday Americans", who would represent the country's traditional heartland as well as a rapidly changing country that includes gay people and ethnic minorities.

希拉里用一个网络短视频开启了她的竞选之旅。她在视频中承诺要成为“普通美国民众的捍卫者”。所谓普通美国民众，不仅指代传统美国核心人群，还包括日新月异的国土上的同性恋者和少数族裔。

"I'm hitting the road to earn your vote, because it's your time and I hope you will join me on this journey," she said.

“我要开始争取你们的选票，因为这是你们的时代，我希望你们能和我一起踏上征程。”她在视频中说。

Her campaign, which will be officially known as Hillary for America, said it would be "humble" in its effort to make her the most powerful person in the world.

竞选活动将被正式命名为“Hillary for America”，竞选团队表示将以一种“谦卑”的姿态来开展活动，努力让希拉里成为世界上最具权势的人。

Mrs Clinton's second quest for the White House is likely to begin with small-scale events in Iowa, the rural state where Mr Obama's insurgent first defeated her in 2008.

此次是希拉里第二次参加总统选举，很可能会在爱荷华州先行举办一系列小规模活动。2008年，在与奥巴马的较量中，希拉里就在这个农业州遭遇了滑铁卢。

The candidate is expected to hold intimate events in coffee shops and community centres rather than mega-rallies in front of thousands of supporters.

据悉，她将在咖啡店和社区中心举办一系列亲民活动，而不会选择在数千支持者面前举行大型集会。

Unlike the 2008 campaign, when Mr Obama was already a household name backed by an army of young supporters, Mrs Clinton faces no high-profile opponents in the race to become the Democratic nominee for president.

2008年时，奥巴马已经是一个家喻户晓的名字，拥有大批的年轻支持者。与当时的情况不同，希拉里此次角逐民主党候选人时，并未遇到什么备受瞩目的对手。

Mrs Clinton holds an overwhelming lead in the polls and in fundraising and several potential rivals in her own party have opted to stay on the sidelines rather than challenge her path to the White House.

希拉里在票数和筹资上占据了压倒性优势。党内几位潜在竞争对手纷纷选择旁观，而并未对她的白宫竞选之路发起挑战。

Her real test is likely to come in next November's general election, where she will face the winner of a crowded Republican field of candidates that includes Jeb Bush, the brother of George W Bush.

希拉里的真正考验可能会在2016年11月总统大选时到来。届时，她的对手将是从共和党多位候选人中脱颖而出的胜利者。共和党候选人中包括乔治·W·布什(George W Bush)的弟弟杰布·布什(Jeb Bush)。

Bill Clinton defeated Mr Bush's father, George HW Bush, in 1992 and the 2016 election could see another face off between the two American political dynasties.

1992年，比尔·克林顿(Bill Clinton)曾打败杰布·布什的父亲乔治·HW·布什(George HW Bush)，当选总统。此次2016年总统选举中，我们将看到美国两大政治家族的又一场对决。

Mr Clinton will be supported on the campaign trail by her husband, who remains one of the most popular figures in US public life but is expected to play "a backstage advisor" role for the first year of the campaign.

希拉里的竞选活动将得到丈夫克林顿的支持。作为美国公众生活中最受欢迎的人物之一，克林顿此次在竞选活动第一年中将扮演“幕后顾问”的角色。

She will also be joined by her daughter Chelsea, who recently gave birth to her first child, Charlotte. Mrs Clinton has often mentioned her concern for Charlotte and the infant's generation as one of her motivations for running for president.

希拉里的女儿切尔西(Chelsea)也将参与到母亲的竞选之中。切尔西近期刚刚生下了第一个孩子夏洛特(Charlotte)。希拉里常常提到，对夏洛特以及夏洛特这一代人的担忧，是她竞选总统的动力之一。

Vocabulary:

upstart: 崛起的

glass ceiling: 玻璃天花板，指在公司企业和机关团体中，限制某些群体(女性、少数民族)晋升到高级职位的障碍。

globe-trotting: 全球奔波的

hit the road: 启程

insurgent: (集团内部的)反对派;反抗者

campaign trail: 竞选游说之行

托福阅读背景材料之Apple Watch美国首日百万预订

An estimated 957,000 American shoppers ordered Apple Watches on Friday - a sign the tech giant's newest gadget is already seeing more initial success than its first iPhone or the iPod.

据估计，4月10日，美国共有95.7万用户预订了苹果公司的Apple Watch智能手表，标志着这一科技巨头的最新产品初战告捷，比首款iPhone或iPod还要成功。

That estimate comes from Slice Intelligence, which measures digital commerce by tracking consumer e-receipts.

这一数据来自市场研究公司Slice Intelligence。该公司通过追踪消费者电子收据估算数码产品的销售情况。

Those ordering an Apple Watch Sport, the cheapest version, spent $382.83 per watch and those ordering the Apple Watch spent $707.04.

其中，最便宜的运动版每只平均订购价格为382.83美元，而标准版每只为707.04美元。

'As expected, most consumers–62 percent– purchased the less-expensive Sport model,' said Jaimee Minney of Slice.

“与预期一样，大多数消费者--62%--选择购买价格较为便宜的运动版。”Slice公司的杰米·明尼(Jaimee Minney)称。

However, many Apple Watch buyers invested in the pricier case but the cheapest band, with more than one third adding a black or white Sport band.

不过，也有不少购买者选择用较贵的标准版外壳搭配最便宜的运动表带。三分之一的用户选择加购一条黑色或白色运动表带。

The data also showed that most consumers opted for the larger 42 mm case, with Its data from online shoppers showed an average of 1.3 watches bought per customer, with $503.83 spent per item.

数据显示，大多数消费者倾向于更大尺寸的42mm规格。线上消费数据还显示，平均每人预订了1.3只Apple Watch智能手表，每只平均消费为503.83美元。

Sport buyers were slightly more likely to choose the 38 mm case, with 32 percent purchasing the smaller version, versus 24 percent of Apple Watch buyers.

购买运动版的消费者中，选择38mm规格的比例稍高，有32%。而标准版购买者中仅有24%购买较小规格。

The most popular type of case was the Space Gray aluminum case, with 40 percent of Apple Watch buyers choosing the option, followed by: stainless steel at 34 percent, silver aluminum at 23 percent and finally Space Black stainless steel at three percent.

最受消费者欢迎的外壳是“太空灰”铝制外壳，占所有订单的四成，其次分别为不锈钢(占34%)、银色铝(占23%)和太空黑不锈钢(占3%)。

The Black Sport Band was by far the most popular among both Apple Watch and Apple Watch Sport buyers, with 49 percent overall pre-ordering one, followed by the White Sport Band at 16 percent and the more expensive Milanese Loop ($149 versus $49 for the black Sport band) rounding out the top three at around 10 percent.

截至目前，黑色运动腕带在所有腕带中最受买家青睐，占所有订单量的49%。排名第二的是白色运动表带，占16%。紧随其后的是价格较高的米兰尼斯表带(售价149美元，黑色运动表带售价49美元)，约占10%。

The watch, which allow users to check email, listen to music and make phone calls when paired with an iPhone, goes on sale officially on April 24.

与iPhone配对后，Apple Watch智能手表具有查收邮件、听音乐、接电话等功能，将于4月24日正式上市。

The watch is Chief Executive Tim Cook's first new major product launch and the company's first foray into the personal luxury-goods market.

这款智能手表是苹果公司首席执行官蒂姆·库克(Tim Cook)发行的首款重要产品，也是苹果公司首次进军个人奢侈品市场。

Despite mixed reviews, which generally praised the watch's styling but criticized its less-than-spectacular battery life and slow-loading apps, people flocked to Apple stores to get a close-up look.

尽管评价褒贬不一，大都褒的是款式，贬的是差强人意的待机时长和缓慢的应用下载速度，苹果实体店依然有顾客蜂拥而入，只为一睹Apple Watch真容。

4个基本方法 让你的托福阅读提速