网络课堂之美语思维(4)讲解录音和笔记
第一单元 Hello, America and American!
第五部分 TALK SHOW
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Talk show 是美国很著名的电视节目，从中可以看到美国人的思路和表达方式。
关于主持人Larry King的介绍：
著名主持人。When Laryy King is listening, everyone is talking. 他的语言掌控能力极好，他一旦发问，别人就会觉得不能不说，不能不去回答他的问题，激起被访者的表达欲望。美国人或许不知道美国总统是谁，可能换届了什么的，但是Larry是无人不晓的，一棵常青树。
背景介绍：泰瑞·安德森（Terry Anderson）先生在美国是个名人，但他的成名之路是其他任何人都不想效仿的——被恐怖分子长时间地扣为人质，从而引起世界震惊。该绑架事件发生在 1985 年 3 月 6 日的贝鲁特。安德森先生和其他美国人质一起被恐怖分子囚禁长达2454 天。在此期间，其妹Peggy 为他和其他美国人质的获释奔走呼吁。与此形成鲜明对比的是，安德森的日裔妻子也是在其被绑架期间与其办理离婚手续的。以下的采访是在安德森先生获释 4 个月后进行的。
Terry Anderson became famous in a way nobody wants to be: as the U.S. hostage held longest by Islamic terrorists. The AP journalist was kidnapped on March 16, 1985, in Beirut. He would remain captive for 2,454 days. During this period, Anderson’s sister, Peggy say, worked tirelessly to keep the plight of her brother and other hostages before the American people.
At the time of his abduction, Anderson was in the process of divorcing his wife, having fallen in love with a young woman who was pregnant with his child. During his captivity, Anderson’s father and brother died, and his daughter, Sulome, was born. This interview took place four months after his release.
在下一段对话中，安德森先生描述了在经历了六年半的囚禁生活之后，对自由的感受——有些不知所措。此时心理医生正在给他治疗：
Larry king: After nearly seven years in ⑴ captivity in Beirut, former hostage Terry Anderson is home, released last December—walked straight into ⑵ a hero’s welcome. And now, after four months of rest with his family, Terry is able to ⑶ recount the details of his imprisonment. And we welcome to Larry King live—a program that didn’t exist when Terry was this program is six and a half years old—well, we’re going to be seven years old June first—and you were taken what date?
l 从故事拉回现场
l ⑴ captivity：the state or period of being imprisoned, confined, or enslaved 囚禁（期）被监禁、限制或奴役的 状态或时间。 E.g. ： They were in captivity for a week.
l ⑵ hero’s welcome: 受到英雄般的欢迎。
l ⑶ recount: to narrate the facts or particulars of 重述。E.g.：He recounted all the happenings of the day.
Terry Anderson: March 16, 1985.
Lk：We started June 16, 1985. You just missed us, Terry. You could have been here for the—those are the breaks of the game.
l those are the breaks of the game.
生活、游戏的断裂，美国把什么都当成一个GAME，把规矩立好，然后开始一个竞争的游戏；小布什曾经说伊拉克总统的时候，说the game is over, 当时希拉克说道the war is not a game, 这是欧美的差别
Ta：What can I say? Yes.
Lk：What was the—for want of a better term—⑷ weirdest or most difficult thing about freedom after imprisonment?
l ⑷ weirdest:of a strikingly odd or unusual character; strange：最莫名其妙的，最奇怪的。
l 当Terry不知道如何继续的时候，Larry立刻直接切入美国人都很关注的一个话题freedom，在一个这么重视自由的社会，你突然失去了，会有什么感受，直接点出话题；这种提问要比仅仅问他感受如何要好）
Ta：Well, weirdest—I mean, you can imagine what it’s like to try—to all of a sudden be put back in charge of your life. *I mean, I had virtually no decisions to make for a very long time, and all of a sudden I’ve got a million decisions to make—some of them minor, some of them important. I think the most difficulty I had at the beginning was with the minor decisions.
l *I mean, I had virtually no decisions to make for a very long time, and all of a sudden I’ve got a million decisions to make—some of them minor, some of them important.
在 Larry 问 Terry 他被释放以后， 对自由最不适应的是什么时，Terry 给了我们上面的回答。美国人对自由是第一位的要求；一个人如果被剥夺了自由，那将是最可怕的一件事。对自由我们可以具体地理解成自由地做决定、自由地思考等，某种程度上它体现了一个人掌握生活的能力。
Lk：Like?
l Like,表示请他列举，挖掘minor decision的内涵
Ta：I was very disorganized. You know, an ordinary person has a lot of skills that he’s developed over the years in just kind of managing his day—when to get up, shaving, where he put his tie, where his wallet is, what he’s got to do next, keeping appointments, that kind of thing. I just couldn’t keep anything organized. I was late. I think in Wiesbaden we were there—what? Five, six days? I was late for every single appointment I had. I couldn’t get myself organized worth a darn. Now, I write everything down. I’m getting better at it.
l 竖线型思维无法继续的时候，LK决定从另一个方面去挖掘话题。
Lk：Waking up the first morning of freedom: is there a ⑸ disbelief about it when you’re held that long?
l ⑸ disbelief: refusal or reluctance to believe. 难以置信 E.g.：He gives me a look of Disbelief.
Ta：Well, I don’t know. I wouldn’t call it disbelief.
Lk：I mean, it’s got to be—
Ta：It’s incredible. I mean, the emotional high was just—was just enormous. I spent those first few days just kind of bathing in love, I guess you could say. I had my lady and my daughter, and my family around me. And it wasn’t incredible; I was just enjoying it. I was just having a great time.
l disbelief 从内心不敢相信，更像做梦一样，被迫的，更negative
l Incredible adj. 口语，难以置信的；有一种兴奋感，真的难以置信，但是我确实相信
Lk：Have ⑹ psychologists talked to you?
l ⑹ psychologists 心理学家。
l 心里学家在美国是倍受重视的，这方面中国也在不断重视起来。
Ta：Yes.
Lk：And have they discussed with you what might be the most difficult aspect of all of this?
Ta：Well, *we had two psychiatrists—royal air force men, actually, strangely enough—that is the AP borrowed from Britain. They treated the British hostages. They were also specialists in hostage⑺ POW/decompression things－very, very wonderful men. In fact, one of them happened to be in the states last night. We spent some time with him, just chatting. And excellent people. They knew what they were about and, because they were so nice and so easy to talk to, they did an awful lot for us. Mainly, what they talked about—what they urged on us were priorities.
l *we had two psychiatrists
美国是个竞争非常激烈的社会，人人的心理压力都是巨大的，心理治疗非常必要。在美国，心理学是个热门专业，心理学医生是倍受社会尊重的职业。正如对话中所反映出来，美国人认为，一个人只有在自由的环境中成长才能拥有正常的心态；否则，就一定要让心理医生帮助你。
l ⑺ POW/decompression 战俘/康复治疗。 POW是 abbr. 战俘 (prisoner of war)
l priority n. 优先权
Lk：Meaning?
Ta: Meaning, when you get out from a thing like that, the world is pretty confusing, and it goes pretty fast. And there are a lot of people ⑻ tugging at you and a lot of things you want to do, let alone the things people want you to do. And they said—the first thing they said was,” Get away. Get away. Go off by yourself. You know what’s important.” *I know what’s important—my family. That’s number one, far ahead of anything else. So we went away for three months and spent that time being together, getting to know each other again, and working out things. There were other problems. There are readjustments to be made by everybody. I mean, Madeleine, my fiancée, was unhappily independent for seven years, leading her own life, making her own decisions. She had to. And now, all of a sudden, I’m back, and we’ve got to make decisions together again.
l 这里priority不是优先权的意思，而是指你优先要考虑的事情
l ⑻ tug at：奋斗, 努力; 挣扎拉扯。 E.g.：We tug at the oar.
l *I know what’s important—my family.
这句话的重点不是我们所想的“家庭第一”，而是“我知道什么是重要的”。美国人的个人观念永远是第一位的，这和中国人的家庭、集体利益第一的思想有很大区别。从Terry 后面的对话内容我们可以看出，即使是一家子，在分开很久之后，也要重新进行沟通，逐一步建立个人与个人的关系，美国人对此很敏感，也会很直率地告诉别人自己的不适应等，这点与中国人有很大的区别。我们中国人也很敏感，只不过我们通常隐藏自己的感受。
l 重点：美国人的竖线型的思维方式。
第六部分 PRESENTATION OF CELEBRITY
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presentation的逻辑结构：观点要清晰明了，并放在第一位，然后详细叙述支持这个观点的理由和原因，最后进行总结。所有的语言都要和这个逻辑结构相配。
安德鲁·卡内基（Andrew Carnegie）：美国著名的钢铁大王。幼时家境贫寒，靠个人努力和奋斗而发迹，是“美国梦”的典型。晚年，他捐资图书馆事业。下面是他在June 23, 1885 对柯里商学院毕业生的讲话节选，题目是 The Road to Success。
The Road to Success
It is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon then at the very threshold of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors and jam tresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary branch of a business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. The other day a fond fashionable mother in Michigan asked a young man whether he had ever seen a young lady sweep in a room so grandly as her Priscilla. He said no, he never had, and the mother was gratified beyond measure, but then said he, after a pause,” what I should like to see her do is sweep out a room.” It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself.
l 他在第一段里就表明了自己的观点：年轻人就应该从最底层，从属的地位做起。
l 这个观点之后，就要展开了。使用了很多例证。
Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is” aim high.” I would not give a fig for the young man who does not already see himself the partner of the head of an important firm. Do not rest content for a moment in your thoughts as head clerk, or foreman, or general manager in any concern, no matter how extensive. Say to yourself,” my place is at the top.” Be king in your dreams.
And here is the prime condition of success the great secret: concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. Having begun in one line, resolve to fight it out on that line, to lead in it, adopt every improvement, have the best machinery, and know the most about it.
The concerns which fail are those which have scattered their capital, which means that they have scattered their brains also. They have investments in this, of that, or the other, here, there, and everywhere.” Don’t put all your eggs in one basket” is all wrong. I tell you” put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket.” Look around you and take notice; men who do that do not often fail. It is easy to watch and carry the one basket. It is trying to carry too many baskets that break most eggs in this country. He who carries three baskets must put one on his head, which is apt to tumble and trip him up. One fault of the American businessman is lack of concentration.
To summarize what I have said: aim for the highest, never enter a bar room; do not touch liquor, or if at all only at meals; concentrate; put all your eggs in one basket, and watch that basket; lastly be not impatient, for, as Emerson says,” no one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.”
l 最后一段进行总结。
l To summarize what I said: 是一个很好的结尾方式
解 析
从这篇充满经验之谈的演讲中，我们感到了这位老人的力量。他以自己的事例向世人昭示了他实现美国梦的秘诀。来美国的人多数都抱有这样或那样的梦想，在如何实现梦想的问题上，卡内基先生说出了他著名的人生经验“put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket.”
第七部分 SELF EXPRESSION
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下面是美国某演员对自身生活、工作感受的表述。该篇文章的重点：一、掌握道地的美国口语表达，包括句型和文字背后的感觉、激情、情绪等；二、掌握美国普通人在表达自己经历时所采用的一些逻辑顺序，包括对故事细节的描述。学习此篇的方法是在老师指导下，反复诵读充满感觉和激情的句型，把自己的感情加进去，使之成为自己的表述方式。最后试将全文翻译成口语化的汉语。
要从本篇文章中学习：
1.语言表达的情绪和人性的表达方式；
2.如何描述一个故事。
中美在描述上的差异：
1. 中国人注重时间顺序和事情发展的自然顺序；point往往放在最后；
2. 美国人把point放在最前面，细节分析紧跟其后。
逻辑思维结构：
1. background information: who, when, where
2. 故事主题：what happened
3. 细节描述
4. 讲述故事的原因：why
Actor
I did this commercial in ‘64. A thing called Byrrh on the Rocks. I have a citation. They have festivals for commercials. Isn’t that laughable? It won five international awards—in Cannes, in Dublin, in Hollywood, in New York, in London. The goddamn thing was a local commercial. I walk in the bar and ask for Byrrh on the rocks. Every body turns and laughs and looks at me. The bartender…it was played in every station, day and night.
l Goddamn 粗话，他妈的；一般美语用粗口都是在玩世不恭的态度下或者非常生气的时候。
l Give a damn for someone = care 照顾，照看；它通常不用在肯定句中； I won’t give a damn for you! 愤怒下说的话
l What is bartender? ( 调酒员)
A kind of person who serve you the drinks in the bar, usually it is a guy who can perform and show you how do cocktail or something like that.
This commercial became so successful that I couldn’t walk down the street. I now know what it’s like to be famous, and I don’t want it. I couldn’t walk down the street. I’d be mobbed. People would grab me,” hey, Byrrh on the rocks! You’re the guy!” They’d pin me against the wall and the guy would say to his wife,” Hey, look whom I got here!” I once got out of the subway at Times Square and a guy grabbed me and slammed me against the wall. Crowds of people gathered around. My wife was terrified. They were all screaming,” Byrrh on the rocks!” because of that little TV box.
l Mob 围攻
They don’t know your name but once they see your face, you’re so familiar, you belong in their home. It really was terrifying, but I enjoyed it very much. It was great. It was like being a short Rock Hudson. Sure, there’s a satisfaction. I like a certain amount of it. I enjoy having people say complimentary things. I’m a gregarious person. I stop and tell them anything they want to know about making commercial, about the business and so on. But at times it does interfere with your life.
l gregarious adj. 社交的，群居的 = people person 口语，好热闹的人
I took a vacation. I went down to San Juan. There’s nobody in San Juan but New Yorkers. I wouldn’t go to the beach. The minute I stepped out, somebody would say,” Hey! Hey! Don’t I know you? Ain’t you the guy…?” In the early days of live TV they couldn’t figure out where they knew you from. Some guy would say, “Hey, you from Buffalo?” I’d say,” No.”“ Well, goddamn, there’s a guy in my home town looks just like you.” I’d say,” Did you ever watch” T Men in Action” or” the Big Story” on TV?”“ Oh yeah! You’re the guy!”
I came out of a movie house one day. I hadn’t gone more than few feet when two guys moved in on me, pushed me against the wall. I thought I was being held up. They flashed badges. They were detectives. One said,” Would you mind coming back into the lobby?” I said,” What for?”“ We’d like to talk to you.” So they moved me back and there was a woman, screaming.” That’s him, he’s the one!” Somebody had stolen her purse in the movie house and she fingered me. I played a gangster on TV in those days. The boss would say,” Hey, Shorty, do this.” And I’d say, “Yeah boss.” They were all alike. I asked the women if she had seen” T Men in Action” on Thursday. This was Saturday.” Oh, my God,” she said,” That’s where I saw you.”
l hold up 抢劫
l What for? 为什么？
l 文中用了很多直接引语来增加文章的精彩程度
l shorty n. 矮子，穷鬼（贬义）
People still come up to me, even to this day. They’re generally very polite. They say,” Excuse me, I don’t mean to impose, I just want to tell you that I enjoy your commercials very much.” Every once in a while I run into somebody who says,” I saw you in The Great Sebastian,” or,” I saw you in Cactus Flower.” But everybody doesn’t go to the theater. Everybody has television. People ask for my autograph on the street, anywhere. Quite often someone will say he saw me in such and such a play. But it’s really the commercials.
l run into 碰巧碰见某人,相当于happen to see；
l I ran into my old flame on the street. 我在街上看到了我的前男/女朋友。
l autograph n. 亲笔签名
l such and such 某某
I’m a working actor. If you want to work, you have to do everything. To me, acting is a craft, a way of life. I have never been obsessed with the sickening drive inside to become a star. Possibly it’s because I came into it very late in life. I was thirty-seven years old when I became a professional actor. I was a little more realistic about life. I knew the percentage of somebody who is five feet six and a half inches tall, who is dark and ethnic looking. The chances of becoming a star were quite remote. I’ve conditioned myself not to want it, because the odds against it are too great.
l working actor 忙于工作的演员； big wig 大腕 （wig，假发，在英国假发越大，地位越高）
l a way of life 生活方式；My way of life has nothing to do with you.
l sickening 令人讨厌的
l the odds 差异
Since I came to New York, I’ve never been out of work. I’ve had only one relatively poor period, because my face became too familiar in television commercials. Where it got kinds lean, you begin to wonder if maybe you’ve gotten too old or whether you’re worn-out. Through all these years, I went from one thing into another. I’d finish a play; there’d be a movie. In-between there’d be TV plays, there’d be commercials. I’ve signed with an office; all they do is TV commercials. Financially I’m not concerned. I have a little better than a hundred grand in the market. I want to go live in Mexico, but who wants to stop working?
l out of work 失业，离开工作，相当于unemployed
l kinds 有点，有些
l worn-out 旧的，破的，累的
l in-between 在此期间
l grand 千，口语中相当于thousand
If you’re not a star, there is humiliation and degradation—if you allow it to happen to you. People who do the hiring can be very rude at times. You don’t find that too much in the theater, because the theater still has a certain nicety to it. You find it in TV commercial casting. They’re deluged. Many people, having seen the commercial, say,” Hell, I could do that.” You take a guy playing a truck driver. So a truck driver says,” Hell, I can do that.” It’s always been an overcrowded field simply because there was never enough work for actors. Residuals, that’s the thing that’s kept actors going through the years when there wasn’t any work.
l humiliation n. 羞辱，蒙耻
l hell 见鬼去吧 go to hell 去一边儿吧
l residual adj. 剩余的，残留的
I recently auditioned for a thing I’ll know about Monday. We go to Florida to shoot. It’s a comedy thing. He’s the king of gypsies and he’s talking about this particular rent-a-car system of trucks. There was a fella ahead of me who had a great handlebar mustache and a big thick head of hair. He looked like the most gorgeous gypsy in the world. My only hope is that this guy couldn’t read—and he couldn’t. So I went in there with all the confidence in the world, ‘cause I do all these cheesy accents. My agent called that they were all exited. I’ll know on Monday.
l audition 试演，试听
l shoot 拍摄 shoot a movie; shoot a photo
l handlebar n. 浓重的胡子
l fella n. 俚语，伙伴，伙计，小伙子（fellow）
l 竞争的时候，美国人很愿意把自己的强项展现出来。
l 竞争使美国人很外向，很aggressive
I have one I’m shooting Tuesday for a bank. They called up and said.” Do you happen to have a derby?” I have one but I’ve never had the nerve to wear it. So I went to the audition with the derby on. And I had a pinstriped gray suit with a weskit. I was exactly what they wanted. I vacillate from little French or Italians, little Maitre d’s to an elegant banker to a wild gypsy. These accents—in radio they called it” Continental.”
l derby 黑色的圆形礼帽
l had the nerve to do something = have the guts to do something
l pinstripe 细条纹的礼服
Thursday I went up to Syracuse, another fella and I. We did a commercial for a little home snowplow. We’re out in this freezing, bitter cold. We spent from eight in the morning till five at night out in the snow. We were neighbors. He was shoveling snow and I came out of my garage, very dapper, with a derby on. I flip up the garage door and bring out my little machine and push the button and it starts. I do a debonair throw with the scarf. As I pass him with my little motorized snow cleaner, he looks up and I give him an up-yours, one-upman-ship. And that’s the commercial. We had a hell of a good time all day long. You would think it’d be murder in the cold snow, but we enjoyed it very much. The difference between this and theater is it’s over in one day and it’s more pinpointed. But it’s still acting.
l dapper adj. 整洁的，整齐的，短小精悍的
l up-yours 绅士的招手
l had a hell of a good time 过得真痛快，真愉快
l pinpointed 针对性很强
I used to think to myself. This is not a life. A man ought to be something more important, ought to be a doctor or a lawyer or something that does something for other people. To be an actor is to be a selfish person. It’s a matter of ego. I think. Many actors make the mistake of thinking this is life. I have in recent years found my work somewhat meaningful. So many people have stopped me on the street and said,“ I can’t tell you how much I enjoy what you’ve done.” If, for a moment or two, he can turn on his TV set and see you in a show or a commercial and it makes him a little happier—I think that’s important.
l a matter of ego 自我的事情
I think of myself as someone who’s rational, who isn’t wild—except when I get certain comedic things to do. It is something bigger than life, it’s still rooted in truth, but it’s just a little bit larger. Rather than play comedy with a capital C. I love to find the qualities in a person, in a character, that are alive and human—even in a commercial.
l C． 指戏剧的时候都会打上C.
l 同学们注意：1. 将老师口语化的东西成为自己的表达方式； 2. 在描述故事时的逻辑思维状态。
