世界领袖齐聚巴黎出席气候会议开幕式

The Paris climate change talks opened with pledges worth billions of dollars from dozens of heavily guarded world leaders yesterday.

巴黎气候变化谈判昨日开幕，逾百名世界领袖在严密保卫下到场，作出了巨额资金承诺。

But the outpouring of promises to tackle a problem that Barack Obama, US president, said could “define the contours of this century more dramatically than any other” was tinged by anxiety about whether the two-week meeting would strike a robust agreement.

美国总统巴拉克攠巴马(Barack Obama)称，气候变化可能“比其它任何事情都更加戏剧化地界定本世纪的轮廓”。但在各方纷纷承诺应对这个问题的同时，人们仍感到焦虑：为期两周的巴黎会议能不能达成一项强有力的协议？

The memory of the attacks that killed 130 people in Paris on November 13 lent a sombre tone to the opening of the talks at the Le Bourget airfield which are due to produce what would be the first global climate accord in 18 years.

对于130人遇难的巴黎11/13恐怖袭击的记忆，给在勒布尔热(Le Bourget)机场举行的开幕式带来阴暗基调。按计划，本次会议应当达成18年来首份全球气候协议。

In his opening address Hollande, French president, appealed to world leaders to curb global warming, warning of famine, mass migrations and wars if they failed.

法国总统弗朗索瓦攠朗德 Hollande)在开幕词中呼吁世界各国领导人遏制全球变暖，他警告称，如果他们失败，将会发生饥荒、大规模迁徙甚至战争。

Mr Hollande told more than 20,000 attendees that climate change would bring conflict, “the risk of famine, a massive exodus from rural areas and conflicts over access to water”.

奥朗德对2万多名与会者表示，气候变化会带来冲突，带来“饥荒、大规模逃离农村地区以及围绕水源的冲突的风险”。

He said any deal needed to be “universal, binding and differentiated”.

他表示，气候协议必须是“普遍、具有约束力和差异化的”。

Surrounded by more than 6,000 police and security guards, more than 150 world leaders spoke of the need to make the talks a success, the largest group of leaders ever to attend a UN event in a single day.

在6000多名警察和保镖的保护下，150多名世界领导人谈到有必要使本次谈判取得成功，这是史上在同一天出席联合国活动的最大领导人群体。

Among the announcements made, India and France unveiled a plan to mobilise more than $1tn over the next 15 years to make solar energy affordable in sun-rich developing countries.

各方作出的宣布包括，印度和法国公布一项计划，将在今后15年期间筹集逾1万亿美元，使太阳能在阳光充足的发展中国家变得经济实惠。

A group of 20 countries including the US, China and India vowed to double their existing combined $10bn of spending on clean energy research over the next five years. Norway, Germany and the UK said they would deliver more than $5bn over the next five years to support countries committed to reducing deforestation, a significant contributor to global warming.

包括美国、中国和印度在内的20个国家，誓言在未来五年里把它们目前总计100亿美元的清洁能源研发支出增加一倍。挪威、德国和英国表示，他们将在未来五年里提供逾50亿美元，支持相关国家减少森林砍伐——导致全球变暖的一大因素。

Negotiators from nearly 200 countries have converged on Paris to reach an agreement to cut emissions of the greenhouse gases that scientists say are on track to warm the planet to risky levels. Any deal will be based on voluntary action plans that more than 180 nations have tabled since March.

来自近200个国家的谈判代表汇聚巴黎努力达成协议，以削减温室气体排放；科学家们声称，这些排放将使地球升温幅度达到危险的水平。最终的气候协议将基于180余个国家自今年3月以来提交的自愿行动计划。

However, scientists fear that these commitments are not sufficient to prevent global temperatures warming more than 2C from pre-industrial levels, a level they deem risky for the planet. With a 1C increase nearly reached, they say evidence of a changing climate is already widespread, ranging from rising sea levels to melting ice caps.

然而，科学家们担心，这些承诺并不足以阻止全球气温与工业革命前水平相比上升超过2摄氏度，他们认为，超过2摄氏度的升温幅度对于地球是高风险的。他们表示，迄今的升温幅度已接近1摄氏度，而气候变化的证据已经大面积出现——从海平面上升到冰盖融化。

The talks are expected to be complicated by disagreements between rich and poor nations over who should lead the fight against global warming.

富国和穷国之间围绕谁应该带头对抗全球变暖的分歧，预计将会导致谈判复杂化。

Highlighting these divisions, Narendra Modi, the Indian prime minister, wrote in yesterday’s Financial Times that advanced countries that “powered their way to prosperity on fossil fuel” must continue to shoulder the greatest burden. “Anything else would be morally wrong,” he said.

突显这些分歧的是，印度总理纳伦德拉莫迪(Narendra Modi)昨日在英国《金融时报》撰文表示，“当年依靠化石燃料实现富裕”的发达国家，必须继续肩负起最沉重的负担。“其它安排在道德上都是错误的，”他说。

That point was echoed by Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, who told delegates in Le Bourget that any deal would have to be comprehensive and fair. However, other wealthy countries say the threat of global warming cannot be addressed solely by the pool of older industrialised countries that account for a dwindling share of global emissions, and that big emerging economies such as China and India must play their part.

这一点得到了德国总理安格拉默克尔(Angela Merkel)的呼应，她对汇聚勒布尔热的与会代表们表示，任何协议都必须是全面和公平的。不过，其他富裕国家表示，全球变暖的威胁无法仅由几个较老的工业化国家应对，这些国家在全球排放量中的占比日益减少，大型新兴经济体如中国和印度必须发挥自己的作用。